What are the three forms of Glanders?

What are the three forms of Glanders?

• A. Nasal, Pulmonary, Cutaneous
• B. Gastrointestinal, Nervous, Cutaneous
• C. Ocular, Respiratory, Systemic
• D. Lymphatic, Muscular, Cutaneous

Answer: (A)

Glanders, caused by Burkholderia mallei, classically presents in three clinical forms based on the site of infection and spread. The nasal form shows destructive rhinitis with nasal discharge and crusting. The pulmonary form resembles pneumonia with fever and chest symptoms. The cutaneous form, known as farcy, features nodules and ulcers along lymphatics of the limbs. These are the three classic forms, making nasal, pulmonary, and cutaneous the correct trio. The other options mix organ systems that aren’t recognized as the standard forms of glanders (gastrointestinal or nervous involvement, for example), and while ocular involvement or systemic disease can occur, they do not constitute the standard triad.

Glanders, caused by Burkholderia mallei, classically presents in three clinical forms based on the site of infection and spread. The nasal form shows destructive rhinitis with nasal discharge and crusting. The pulmonary form resembles pneumonia with fever and chest symptoms. The cutaneous form, known as farcy, features nodules and ulcers along lymphatics of the limbs. These are the three classic forms, making nasal, pulmonary, and cutaneous the correct trio. The other options mix organ systems that aren’t recognized as the standard forms of glanders (gastrointestinal or nervous involvement, for example), and while ocular involvement or systemic disease can occur, they do not constitute the standard triad.